ipython basic

Introspection

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Using a question mark ( ? ) before or after a variable will display some general information about the object

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Using ?? will also show the function’s source code if possible:

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? has a final usage, which is for searching the IPython namespace in a manner similar to the standard UNIX or Windows command line. A number of characters combined with the wildcard ( * ) will show all names matching the wildcard expression.

Magic Command

%quickref	Display the IPython Quick Reference Card
%magic	Display detailed documentation for all of the available magic commands
%debug	Enter the interactive debugger at the bottom of the last exception traceback
%hist	Print command input (and optionally output) history
%pdb	Automatically enter debugger after any exception
%paste	Execute pre-formatted Python code from clipboard
%cpaste	Open a special prompt for manually pasting Python code to be executed
%reset	Delete all variables / names defined in interactive namespace
%page	OBJECT Pretty print the object and display it through a pager
%run	script.py Run a Python script inside IPython
%prun	statement Execute statement with cProfile and report the profiler output
%time	statement Report the execution time of single statement
%timeit	statement Run a statement multiple times to compute an emsemble average execution time. Useful for timing code with very short execution time
%who, %who_ls, %whos	Display variables defined in interactive namespace, with varying levels of information / verbosity
%xdel	variable Delete a variable and attempt to clear any references to the object in the IPython internals

Matplotlib Integration and Pylab Mode

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ipython --pylab

Searching and Reusing the Command History
<Ctrl-P>     <up arrow>
<Ctrl-N>     <down arrow>
<Ctrl-R>

Input and Output Variables

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IPython stores references to both the input (the text that you type) and output (the object that is returned) in special variables. The previous two outputs are stored in the _ (one underscore) and __ (two underscores) variables, respectively

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Input variables are stored in variables named like _iX , where X is the input line number. For each such input variables there is a corresponding output variable _X . So after input line 27, say, there will be two new variables _27 (for the output) and _i27 for the input.

Logging the Input and Output

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IPython is capable of logging the entire console session including input and output.Logging is turned on by typing %logstart, %logoff, %logon, %logstate, and %logstop .

Tips

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import some_lib
reload(some_lib)